The Tar Baby and the Tomahawk: Race and Ethnic Images in American Children's Literature, 1880-1939

hol.1898.2011.011.jpg

Hiamatha

Hiawatha was an indian boy.
Nokomis was his grandmother.

Hiawatha was an indian boy.
Nokomis was his grandmother.

hol.1898.2011.012.jpg

Nokimis

Hiawatha lived with Nokomis.
Nokomis lived in a wigwam

Hiawatha was an indian boy.
Nokomis was his grandmother.
Hiawatha lived with Nokomis.

hol.1898.2011.013.jpg

A Wigwam

Hiawatha lived in a wigwam.
The wigwam stood by the water.
It stood by the Big-Sea-Water.

Nokomis lived in a wigwam
The wigwam stood by the water

hol.1898.2011.014.jpg

Hiawatha and Nokomis

Hiawatha lived with Nokomis.
Nokomis lived in a wigwam.
The wigwam stood by the water.
It stood by the Big-Sea-Water.
Hiawatha was an indian boy.
Nokomis was his grandmother.

hol.1898.2011.015.jpg

The Big-Sea-Water

The wigwam stood by the shore
of the Gitche Gumee.
Before it beat the bright water.
The water was was Gitche Gumee, the
Big-Sea-Water.
The water beat upon the shore.

hol.1898.2011.016.jpg

Hiawatha lived in a wigwam.
It was the wigwam of Nokomis.
The wigwam stood by the shore.
Before it was the Big-Sea-Water.
Bright before it beat the water.
The water beat upon the shore.
The Big-Sea-Water was bright.

hol.1898.2011.017.jpg

The wigwam of Nokomis

The wigwam of Nokomis stood by
the shore of the Gitchee Gumee.
It stood by the Big-Sea-Water.
Dark behind it rose the forest.
Bright before it beat the water.
The water was bright and sunny.
The water was clear and shining

hol.1898.2011.018.jpg

By the water stood the wigwam.
It stood by the bright water.
The forest rose behind it.
In the wigwam lived Hiawatha.
Hiawatha was a little boy.

Hiawatha was a little indian.
His grandmother was an indian.
Hiawatha and his grandmother
lived in a wigwam.
It stood by shining water.
The water was clear and sunny.

hol.1898.2011.019.jpg

Pine-trees and firs

A forest rose behind the wigwam.
The forest was dard and gloomy.
Pine-trees were in the forest.
It was black with pine-trees.
Dark firs were in the forest.
The first rose black and gloomy.
Gloomy and dark was the forest.

hol.1898.2011.020.jpg

Fir cones
The firs had cones upon them.

Hiawatha and Nokomis lived in a wigwam.
Before it beat the clear water.
Behind it rose the dark forest.
The forest was black with firs.
In it were gloomy pine-trees.
The firs had cones upon them.

hol.1898.2011.021.jpg

A little boy lived in a wigwam.
The little boy was Hiawatha.
Hiawatha had a grandmother.
His grandmother was Nokomis.
Nokomis lived with Hiawatha.
Hiawatha and his grandmother
were Indians.
The wigwam of Nokomis was an
Indian wigwam.
It stood by the gloomy forest.
Pine-trees and firs were in the
forest.
The firs had cones upon them.
The dark pine-trees were gloomy.

hol.1898.2011.022.jpg

A wigwam stood by the shore
It stood by the sunny water
An Indian boy lived in it.
The Indian boy was Hiawatha
Before it beat the water.
Behind it rose the forest.
The sunny water was bright
It was the Big-Sea-Water.
The dark forest was gloomy.
It was black with pine-trees.
Firs were in the forest.
Upom the firs were cones.

hol.1898.2011.023.jpg

By the shores of Gitche Gurnee
stood the wigwam of Nokomis.
The little Hiawatha lived in the
wigwam with Nokomis.
Nokomis was his grandmother.
Before the wigwam was the clear
and shining Big-Sea-Water.
The water was bright and sunny.
The shining water beat upon the
shore before the wigwam.
Before the wigwam was the water
Bright before it beat the clear and
sunny water.

hol.1898.2011.024.jpg

BY the shores of Gitche Gumee,
By the shining Big-Sea-Water,
Stood the wigwam of Nokomis.
Dark behind it rose the forest,
Rose the black and gloomy pine-
trees,
Rose the firs with cones upon
them;
Bright before it beat the water.
Beat the clear and sunny water,
Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.

hol.1898.2011.025.jpg [illustration - "By the shore of Gitche Gumee" ]
hol.1898.2011.026.jpg
hol.1898.2011.027.jpg

An Indian cradle

Nokomis was old and wrinkled.
She nursed the little Hiawatha.
Hiawatha had a little cradle.
It was a little Indian cradle.
His cradle was in the wigwam.
Old Nokomis rocked him there.
She rocked him in his cradle.

hol.1898.2011.028.jpg

Hiawatha was nursed by Nokomis.
She nursed him and rocked him.
Hiawatha had an Indian cradle.
It was made of the linden-tree.
It was a little linden cradle.
The cradle was in the wigwam.
There Nokomis rocked Hiawatha.

[illustration - Nokomis nursed Hiawatha ]
hol.1898.2011.029.jpg

The linden tree

The Nokomis made Hiawatha's cradle.
She made it of the linden-tree.
She bedded it with soft moss.
There were rushes in the cradle.
The moss and rushes were soft.
His linden cradle was made soft
with moss and rushes.

hol.1898.2011.030.jpg

The cradle was made by Nokomis.
Of the linden-tree she made it.
The cradle was bedded soft.
Nokomis bedded it with moss and
rushes.
The cradle was safely bound.
Nokomis bound it with sinews of
the reindeer.

[illustration - The reindeer ]
hol.1898.2011.031.jpg

Hiawatha's cradle

It was dark in the wigwam.
Hiawatha was in his cradle.
The little boy was fretful.
His grandmother nursed him.
She stilled his fretful wail
by saying, "Hush!"
Hiawatha was in his cradle.

hol.1898.2011.032.jpg

The Naked Bear

Hiawatha' rocked in his cradle.
He was in the wigwam of his
grandmother.
It was dark and he was fretful.
Nokomis stilled his fretful wail.
She rocked his cradle, saying,
"Hush! the Bear will hear thee!
Hush! the Naked Bear will hear
thee!"

hol.1898.2011.033.jpg

Old Nokomis was in the wigwam.
She was singing of the forest.
She said the bear lived there.
She called him the Naked Bear.
The little Hiawatha was fretful.
She lulled him into slumber.
"Hush!" said Nokomis, "the Bear
will hear thee!"

[illustration - "The bear will hear thee" ]
hol.1898.2011.034.jpg

Nokomis was old. She was
old and wrinkled. She nursed
the little Hiawatha.
There was a cradle in the
wigwam. Nokomis made it. She
made it of linden. It was the
little Hiawatha's cradle.
Hiawatha's cradle was soft.
Nokomis bedded it with rushes
and moss. It was bound with
reindeer sinews
The wrinkled old Nokomis
rocked Hiawatha. She lulled
him into slumber.

hol.1898.2011.035.jpg

Hiawatha and old Nokomis
lived upon the shores of Gitche
Gumee, the Big-Sea-Water.
Behind them rose the forest.
It rose black and gloomy behind
the wigwam of Nokomis.
Pine-trees, lindens and firs
were in the forest. There were
cones upon the firs.
Nokomis said the Naked Bear
lived in the dark forest. The
reindeer lived there.
Hiawatha's cradle was safely
bound with reindeer sinews.

hol.1898.2011.036.jpg

The owlet lived in the trees.
Hiawatha lived in the wigwam.
Nokomis lulled him into slumber.
"Hush!" she said, "my Hiawatha!
Hush! the Bear will hear thee!"
She called him a little owlet.
She stilled his wail by singing,
"Ewa-yea! my little owlet!"
Ewa-yea! my little owlet!

hol.1898.2011.037.jpg

The owlet had great ideas.
Hiawatha's eyes were bright.
Nokomis called him an owlet.
"Who lights the wigwam with his
great eyes?" said she.
"My owlet lights the wigwam."

The little owlet had great eyes
that were bright and shining.
Hiawatha had shining eyes.
Nokomis said he was an owlet.
This is my little owlet," said she,
"that lights the wigwam
with his great eyes."
"Hush! my owlet!" said Nokomis.

hol.1898.2011.038.jpg

Who lived in the wigwam?
Hiawatha and old Nokomis
lived there.
Who made Hiawatha's cradle?
Nokomis made it. She rocked
the little Indian boy in it.
Was the little boy fretful?
Hiawatha was fretful. It was
dark in the wigwams. The forest
behind it was gloomy.
Who stilled Hiawatha's wailed?
Nokomis stilled it. She said,
"Hush! the Bear will hear thee!
He is in the forest."

hol.1898.2011.039.jpg

Who is this little boy? This
is Hiawatha. The wrinkled old
Nokomis is his grandmother.
That is an Indian cradle. It
is bedded with moss and safely
bound with reindeer sinews.
Who is singing? Nokomis is
singing in the wigwam. Hiawatha
was fretful and she lulled him
into slumber.
The little Hiawatha is in his
cradle. Old Nokomis is singing,
"Ewa-yea! my little owlet!"
The Big-Sea-Water is singing
before the wigwam. The water
is saying, Hush! little boy!"

hol.1898.2011.040.jpg

THERE the wrinkled old Nokomis
Nursed the little Hiawatha,
Rocked him in his linden cradle,
Bedded soft in moss and rushes,
Safely bound with reindeer sinews;
Stilled his fretful wail by saying,
"Hush! the Naked Bear will hear thee!'
Lulled him into slumber, singing,
"Ewa-yea ! my little owlet!
Who is this, that lights the wigwam?
With his great eyes lights the wigwam?
Ewa-yea! my little owlet!"

hol.1898.2011.041.jpg

THE OWLET SONG.

hol.1898.2011.042.jpg

The stars were shining

Nokomis taught the little Hiawatha.
She taught him many things.
She showed him the Big-Sea-Water and the
forest.
She showed him the stars in heaven.
The stars shine bright and clear.
The bright stars shine in the heavens.
Nokomis taught Hiawatha many things of
the stars that shine in heaven.

hol.1898.2011.043.jpg

Nokomis showed Hiawatha a comet.
She called the comet Ishkoodah.
She showed him Ishkoodah in the heavens.
Ishkoodah, the comet, was bright.
The tresses of the comet were fiery.
Nokomis showed Hiawatha many things.
She showed him the comet and the stars.
Hiawatha saw the comet and the stars in
the heavens.

[illustration - Ishkoodah had fiery tresses ]
hol.1898.2011.044.jpg

Nokomis showed Hiawatha many things
in the heavens. She showed him the stars,
There were many stars in heaven.
The little boy saw the bright comet in
the heavens. He called it Ishkoodah. He
saw the fiery light of Ishkoodah.
Hiawatha was taught by Nokomis that
Ishkoodah had fiery tresses. He saw the
tresses of Ishkoodah in the heavens.
Hiawatha saw many things in the forest.
Nokomis showed him the pine-trees and the
firs. He saw cones upon the firs.
Hiawatha saw the owlet. Old Nokomis
showed it to him. It lived in the forest.
Nokomis said that the Naked Bear lived
in the gloomy forest.
Bright stars light the heavens.
The comet is bright and fiery.

hol.1898.2011.045.jpg

In winter, Nokomis showed Hiawatha the shining heavens. The winter nights were clear and frosty.

Nokomis showed him the Northern Lights. The Northern Lights are bright in winter. They shine in the heavens.

The stars shine bright in the frosty winter nights. Hiawatha said, The stars shine bright, Nokomis. See the Northern Lights! They are shining in the northern heavens."

[illustration - "See the Northern Lights!" ]
hol.1898.2011.046.jpg

The stars are far away in the heavens. Hiawatha sees them. They are bright and shining.

Hiawatha hears the owlet far away in the pine-trees. He sees the dark firs in the forest. The forest is dark; the stars are bright.

The stars shine upon the Big-Sea-Water, Hiawatha sees them in the water. He hears the water beat upon the shore.

Far away to northward shine the fiery Northern Lights. Hiawatha sees them far to northward, flaring in the heavens.

Ishkoodah is in the heavens. Hiawatha sees the fiery tresses of Ishkoodah.

Hiawatha sees the stars.
The Stars are far away

hol.1898.2011.047.jpg

An Indian warrior

Nokomis taught Hiawatha of the Indian warriors. She showed him their plumes.

Hiawatha saw the Indian warriors with their plumes and war-clubs. He saw them dance the Death-Dance.

In winter, Hiawatha saw the Northern Lights. Nokomis called them the spirits of Indian warriors.

"The spirits of the warriors dance the Death-Dance," said Nokomis. "The flaring lights are their plumes and war-clubs."

hol.1898.2011.048.jpg

In the frosty winter nights, Hiawatha saw many things in the heavens. He say the bright stars. He saw the comet with fiery tresses, and the Northern Lights.

The Northern Lights were bright. Hiawatha saw them flaring far to northward. Nokomis called them the Death-Dance of the spirits. She said that the flaring lights were their plumes and war-clubs.

"See the lights in the heavens!" said Nokomis. "They are the spirits of Indian warriors. The spirits dance the Death-Dance. See their plumes and war-clubs!"

[illustration - This is an Indian war-club ]
hol.1898.2011.049.jpg

Nokomis taught Hiawatha. She showed him many things in the heavens. He saw the comet and the fiery Northern Lights.

Nokomis showed Hiawatha a broad road in the heavens. It was white with stars.

There was a broad white road running straight across the heavens.

The stars made a pathway across the heavens. This road was broad and white. Nokomis called it the spirit pathway.

Nokomis called the road of stars the pathway of the ghosts, the shadows. She said it was crowded with the shadows, or ghosts, of Indian warriors.

"See the white road running straight across the heavens!" said Nokomis. It is crowded with ghosts, or shadows."

hol.1898.2011.050.jpg

Hiawatha stood with Nokomis before the wigwam. It was a frosty winter night and the heavens were clear.

Nokomis showed Hiawatha many bright stars and a fiery comet. She showed him a broad road running straight across the heavens. The road was white with stars.

Far away to northward, the Northern Lights were flaring. Nokomis showed them to Hiawatha. He saw the flaring Northern Lights dance across the heavens.

The Northern Lights are the spirits of Indian warriors," said Nokomis. "They dance in the winter heavens. The flaring lights are their plumes and war-clubs."

Nokomis called the road of stars the pathway of shadows. She said it was their pathway into heaven. She taught Hiawatha that it was crowded with ghosts.

hol.1898.2011.051.jpg

It is winter. The night is clear and frosty. Hiawatha is running by the Big-Sea-Water.

The stars are bright. They shine upon the water. Hiawatha sees them shining in the far away heavens.

Ishkoodah, the comet, is bright. His fiery tresses shine in the clear heavens. Hiawatha sees the fiery comet.

Running straight across the heavens is a broad white road. Many, many stars are in this white road. Hiawatha sees them.

Far away to northward, Hiawatha sees the fiery Northern Lights. Their flaring lights dance in the northern heavens.

hol.1898.2011.052.jpg

MANY things Nokomis taught him Of the stars that shine in heaven; Showed him Ishkoodah, the comet, Ishkoodah, with fiery tresses ; Showed the Death-Dance of the spirits, Warriors with their plumes and war-clubs. Flaring far away to northward In the frosty nights of Winter ; Showed the broad white road in heaven, Pathway of the ghosts, the shadows, Running straight across the heavens, Crowded with the ghosts, the shadows.

hol.1898.2011.053.jpg [illustration - "Showed the Death-Dance of the spirits" ]
hol.1898.2011.054.jpg
hol.1898.2011.055.jpg

Hiwawath sat before the wigwam.
His grandmother was with him.
Ishkoodah was in the heavens.
His fiery tresses were shining.
THe water made soft music.
It was singing to the shore.
The pine-trees were singing.
They were singing to Hiawatha.

hol.1898.2011.056.jpg

Nokomis sat at the door of her wigwam, She had the little Hiawatha with her. They saw the stars shining in heaven. The stars were shining upon the water. Ishkoodah was shining in the heavens.

Nokomis and Hiawatha saw the dark forest. They saw the shadows of the dark firs. They heard the pine-trees whispering. "Minne-wawa!" said the pine-trees. Hiawatha heard the sounds of music. He heard the whispering of the trees.

The Big-Sea-Water beat upon the shore. Hiawatha heard the lapping of the water. " Mudway-aushka!" said the shining water. Hiawatha heard the words of wonder. He heard the lapping of the water and the whispering of the pine-trees.

hol.1898.2011.057.jpg

"Minne-wawa!" said the trees.

At the door on summer evenings sat the little Hiawatha. Nokomis was with him.

Hiawatha heard sounds of music in the forest. The pine-trees were whispering. Minne-wawa!" said the trees.

Hiawatha saw the Big-Sea-Water shining in the starlight. He heard the lapping of the water on the shore. Mudway-aushka!" said the water. The words were words of wonder to Hiawatha,

hol.1898.2011.058.jpg

Hiawatha loved his grandmother. on summer evenings they sat at the door of her wigwam. Nokomis taught him.

The little boy saw lights shining in the summer heavens. He said,"What are the bright lights, grandmother?" "They are the stars," said Nokomis. "See the starlight dance upon the water!"

I see a broad road in the heavens," said Hiawatha. "What is that, Nokomis ? It is the pathway of the shadows," said Nokomis. It is white with the shadows, or ghosts, of Indian warriors."

"I hear sounds of music, grandmother." The trees are whispering," said Nokomis. " They are saying,' Minne-wawa!'"

"Hear the lapping of the water!" said Nokomis. It is singing, 'Mudway-aushka! Mudway-aushka!'

hol.1898.2011.059.jpg

Hiawatha saw the fire-fly. He saw it at night. It was in the dark forest. He called it Wah-wah-taysee.

Hiawatha saw the fire-fly in the dusk of evening. It was flitting through the trees. Nokomis called it the star of the forest.

In the forest were brakes and bushes. The little fire-fly was flitting through the brakes and bushes.

[illustration - Brakes were in the forest. ]
hol.1898.2011.060.jpg

Hiawatha saw Wah-wah-taysee flitting through the dusk of evening. He saw the twinkle of its little candle.

I see the little fire-fly, Nokomis," said Hiawatha." I see it flitting through the forest. It is lighting up the brakes and bushes with its little candle."

"The fire-fly lights the dark forest," said Nokomis. "It is a little star."

Hiawatha sang to the fire-fly. He sang the song of children. Nokomis taught him the fire-fly song of the children.

Hiawatha loved the little, white-fire creature. He loved to see the twinkle of its candle through the dusk.

He saw the little creature lighting up the bushes with its white-fire candle.

hol.1898.2011.061.jpg

It was a summer evening. The old Nokomis sat at the door of her wigwam. Hiawatha was with her.

Nokomis and Hiawatha loved the summer evenings. They loved to hear the lapping of the water. They loved the music of the whispering pine-trees.

The pine-trees and the water sang to the little Indian boy. Minne-wawa!" sang the pine-trees. "Mudway-aushka!" sang the water. The words were words of wonder.

The little boy saw a light twinkle in the forest. It was the white-fire candle of Wah-wah-taysee. The little creature was flitting through the forest. It was lighting up the brakes and bushes.

Hiawatha loved the fire-fly.
It was a white-fire creature.

hol.1898.2011.062.jpg [illustration - A Candle
This is a candle
The fire-fly had a candle. ]

The starlight was Hiawatha's candle. On summer evenings, Nokomis made his bed at the door of the wigwam.

The little boy lay on his soft bed of moss. He heard the lapping of the water and the whispering of the pine-trees.

"Hush!" said old Nokomis. "I hear the trees whispering to the stars. The fire-fly is lighting its white-fire candle."

Hiawatha sang to the fire-fly: " Light me with your little candle, Ere in sleep I close my eyelids." The Indians evening Hiawatha insect. and bus twinkle

hol.1898.2011.063.jpg

The fire-fly is a little insect. The Indians called it Wah-wah-taysee. In the evening dusk it lights its little candle.

Hiawatha loved the flitting, white-fire insect. He saw it dancing through brakes and bushes. He saw its white-fire candle twinkle through the dusk.

The Indian children sang to the fire-fly. Nokomis taught the song to Hiawatha. She called it the fire-fly song.

Hiawatha sang to the little, flitting, dancing, white-fire insect.

hol.1898.2011.064.jpg

It was dark in the wigwam. The little Hiawatha sat at the door. He saw the starlight dancing on the Big-Sea-Water. The fire-fly was flitting through the trees.

The waters and the pine-trees sang to the little boy. "Mudway-aushka!" sang the water. Minne-wawa!" sang the pine-trees. The sounds were sounds of music and the words were words of wonder. He loved the whispering trees and the singing waters.

The fire-fly was lighting up the dark forest with its little candle. "Light me with your little candle, ere upon my bed I lay me," sang Hiawatha. He loved to see the little, white-fire creature.

"I wonder what your candle is!" said Hiawatha to the little insect. Is it the star of the forest?"

"Little flitting insect!"

hol.1898.2011.065.jpg

Hiawatha lay upon his little bed. The starlight was shining upon him. He said to his grandmother:

I see the bright stars, Nokomis. They twinkle in the heavens. Are the stars the candles of the heavens?"

The stars are your candles," said his grandmother. They are shining upon your little bed. Close your eyelids and sleep, my little owlet."

I see the fire-fly, grandmother. Its candle twinkles through the dusk. See it dancing through the brakes and bushes!"

Your bright eyes are my fire-flies," said Nokomis. They twinkle in the dusk. Close your eyelids and sleep, my owlet."

Nokomis sang to the little boy. She lulled him into slumber by singing. She sang the song of the fire-fly.

hol.1898.2011.066.jpg

AT the door on summer evenings Sat the little Hiawatha; Heard the whispering of the pine-trees, Heard the lapping of the waters, Sounds of music, words of wonder; "Minne-wawa!" said the pine-trees, Mudway-aushka!" said the water.

Saw the fire-fly, Wah-wah-taysee, Flitting through the dusk of evening, With the twinkle of its candle Lighting up the brakes and bushes, And he sang the song of children, Sang the song Nokomis taught him : "Wah-wah-taysee, little fire-fly, Little, flitting, white-fire insect, Little, dancing, white-fire creature, Light me with your little candle, Ere upon my bed I lay me, Ere in sleep I close my eyelids!"

hol.1898.2011.067.jpg

THE FIRE-FLY SONG.

hol.1898.2011.068.jpg

On summer evenings Hiawatha sat at the door of the wigwam. He saw the moon rise from the water. The moonlight made a path on the water.

The moon and stars were shining on the water. The rippling water was dancing in the moonlight.

The moonlight made a shining pathway across the rippling water.

"What is it Nokomis?"

The great, round moon was shining upon the Big-Sea-Water.

Hiawatha saw the round, shining moon. He whispered, What is that, Nokomis?"

Old Nokomis was very good to the little boy. She answered his question, and said, "That is the moon, my little owlet."

hol.1898.2011.069.jpg [illustration - Hiawatha saw the round moon
Moonlight is very beautiful. ]

It was a beautiful summer night. The heavens were bright and clear. The moon rose rippling from the water.

The little Hiawatha saw the moon rise. It rose rippling, rounding from the Big-Sea-Water. The ripples on the water were bright and shining in the moonlight.

The moonlight and starlight are very beautiful.

hol.1898.2011.070.jpg

The good Nokomis showed Hiawatha many things. Once, they sat before their wigwam in the dusk of the evening.

It was a beautiful summer night. The fire-flies were flitting through the forest. Hiawatha saw the little, white-fire candles twinkling in the bushes.

The far away stars were twinkling in the heavens. They made a broad, shining road across the heavens.

The moon was rising from the rippling water. The moonlight made a broad, white path across the water.

Hiawatha saw the stars and the fire-flies. He saw the bright, round moon and whispered, What is that, Nokomis?"

The good Nokomis answered, "That is the beautiful, round moon. See it rise rippling, rounding from the water!"

hol.1898.2011.071.jpg [illustration - "See the flecks and shadows on
the bright, round moon!" ]

The moon has flecks and shadows on it. Hiawatha saw the flecks and shadows.

The light from the rising moon is very bright. Hiawatha saw a bright pathway on the Big-Sea-Water. The moon was shining across the ripples on the water.

"See, grandmother," said Hiawatha, "how bright the moonlight is! The ripples on the water are dancing in the moonlight."

hol.1898.2011.072.jpg

Hiawatha saw flecks of shadow on the moon. Nokomis told him that they were the body of an old woman.

She said, "There is an old woman in the moon. This old woman was the grand-. mother of an Indian warrior. The flecks and shadows are her body."

The little boy asked many questions. Nokomis answered his questions. She told him about the stars. She told him about the moon and the fiery comet.

Nokomis taught him the cradle song and the song of the fire-fly. She taught him the Indian story of the Northern Lights and the story about the moon. woman, is in the moon''

An old woman was in the moon

hol.1898.2011.073.jpg

Hiawatha saw the shining moon. There were flecks and shadows on it. He asked Nokomis what the flecks and shadows were.

Nokomis told him an Indian story about the moon. This is the story that Nokomis told him:

"Once an Indian warrior was very angry. He seized his old grandmother and threw her up into the sky.

"It was midnight and the moon was in the sky. The angry warrior threw his old grandmother right against the moon. 'Tis her body that you see there."

Hiawatha loved to hear this story of the moon. I see the woman in the moon, Nokomis," said he. "I see her body on the bright moon."

hol.1898.2011.074.jpg

In the frosty winter nights, Hiawatha lay on his bed of moss. Nokomis told him stories about the heavens.

"The broad road of stars is the pathway of the Indian shadows," said Nokomis. " It is crowded with the ghosts of Indians running across the sky.

"In the northern heavens, the spirits of Indian warriors dance the Death-Dance. The flaring lights that you see there are. their plumes and war-clubs."

Hiawatha loved to hear the stories of old Nokomis. They lulled him to sleep.

It was an evening in summer.
My Hiawatha sat at the door.
Rippling waters sang to him.
Pine-trees whispered to him.
he saw many beautiful things

hol.1898.2011.075.jpg

Little lights were twinkling.
They were fire-fly candles.
Stars and moon were shining.
Northern Lights were flaring.

Nokomis was very good to Hiawatha. She answered the questions that he asked her.

"How bright the night is!" said Hiawatha. "What is that fiery light, Nokomis?" That is Ishkoodah, the comet," said she.

"What is the fire-fly, grandmother?" "It is a little, white-fire insect," said Nokomis. "It has a little candle that it lights at dusk."

"What is the water singing, Nokomis?" "It is saying, 'Mudway-aushka!"' said she. "It is singing a cradle song to you."

"I will sing you a cradle song," said Nokomis. Close your eyelids and sleep."

hol.1898.2011.076.jpg

Hiawatha loved to hear the stories Nokomis told him. He asked her many questions about the moon and stars.

"What are the flecks and shadows upon the moon, grandmother ? How dark they are ! What is the story about the moon?"

"Hush! little boy, and hear the story of the angry warrior. Once, on a winter night, an Indian warrior was very angry. He seized his grandmother and threw her up into the sky.

"It was midnight. The round moon was shining in the winter sky. He threw her right against the moon. The shadows that you see are the body of this old woman."

"I see an old woman in the moon," said Hiawatha, and she sees me. See her eyes shining upon me! The moon is lighting up the wigwam. Good-night, beautiful moon!"

hol.1898.2011.077.jpg

The moon rose rippling, rounding from the Big-Sea-Water. It made a bright path across the dancing ripples.

The stars were twinkling in the clear sky. The fiery comet was shining. In the northern heavens were flaring lights.

Fire-flies were flitting through the forest. They were lighting up the brakes and bushes with their white-fire candles.

The rippling waters beat against the shore. They sang to the moonlight. They sang to the stars of the summer night.

The pine-trees whispered to the water. The firs stood black and straight. They threw dark shadows on the wigwam.

In the wigwam, it was dark. Hiawatha lay in his bed. The music of the waters had lulled him to sleep.

Nokomis was singing the cradle song.

hol.1898.2011.078.jpg

SAW the moon rise from the water

Rippling, rounding from the water, Saw the flect and shadows, Whispered, "What is that, Nokomis?" And the good Nokomis answered :

"Once a warrior, very angry, Seized his grandmother, and threw her Up into the sky at midnight; Right against the moon he threw her; 'T is her body that you see there."

hol.1898.2011.079.jpg

THE CRADLE SONG.*

hol.1898.2011.080.jpg [illustration - "I see a beautiful rainbow!"

Hiawatha saw the rainbow. It was very beautiful.

He saw the rainbow in the eastern sky. The sun was shining in the western sky.

Hiawatha had not seen the rainbow before. "What is that?" he asked Nokomis.

The good Nokomis answered, "That is a rainbow. See how beautiful it is!"

She told him and Indian story about the rainbow.

]
hol.1898.2011.081.jpg

Hiawatha stood at the door of the wigwam. It had been raining.

The eastern sky was dark. All at once he saw a beautiful rainbow shining there. It had many bright colors in it.

One foot of the rainbow was on the Big-Sea-Water. One foot was in the forest.

The bright colors of the rainbow were very beautiful against the dark sky.

This is the story of the rainbow that Nokomis told Hiawatha:

The flowers of the forest and shore are very beautiful. They are of many col-ors. When they fade on earth they do not perish. They blossom in the rainbow. The rainbow is the heaven of flowers."

There are many beautiful stories about the rainbow.

hol.1898.2011.082.jpg

Hiawatha asked many questions about the rainbow. Nokomis answered his questions and told him many things about it.

"The rainbow is made by the sun shining on the rain," said Nokomis. "You will see it when it has been raining.

"When the sun is in the western sky the rainbow is in the eastern sky. When the sun is in the eastern sky the rainbow is in the western sky. When you see the rainbow the sun is behind you.

"The rainbow is the heaven of flowers. When they fade and perish on earth they blossom in the rainbow. All their beautiful colors are there."

Hiawatha loved the beautiful rainbow. He loved to hear stories about it.

Flowers blossom in the rainbow.

hol.1898.2011.083.jpg

There were many beautiful flowers in the forest and on the shores of Gitche Gumee. They were of many colors.

One summer day, Hiawatha had been in the forest. "See my wild-flowers, Nokomis!" said he. "See their bright colors ! Are they not beautiful?"

"The wild-flowers are very beautiful, my Hiawatha," answered Nokomis. The pine-trees are black and gloomy, but the flowers are bright and beautiful."

Hiawatha loved all the wild-flowers of the forest and the shore

hol.1898.2011.084.jpg

Nokomis taught Hiawatha the colors of the wild-flowers and the rainbow.

When they saw the rainbow, she showed him the beautiful colors in it and taught him what they were.

See the rainbow, Hiawatha!" she said. When the flowers fade on the earth they blossom in that bow above us."

"The rainbow is far above us," Nokomis said. The sun, moon, and stars are all in the sky above us.

"The sun shines by day. The moon and the stars shine at night. The rainbow is seen when the sun shines on the rain.

"The earth and sky are very beautiful by day and by night."

Earth and sky are beautiful.

hol.1898.2011.085.jpg

Many wild-flowers blossom in the for-est. The lilies blossom on the prairie.

One day, Hiawatha had been through the forest with Nokomis. He saw the prairie and the lilies that blossom upon it.

"How beautiful the lilies are!"said Hiawatha. Do they fade and perish in winter, grandmother?"

"They fade on earth," said old Nokomis, "but they blossom in heaven. You can see them in the rainbow."

"I love the flowers, dear grandmother," said Hiawatha. "I love the lilies and the beautiful rainbow that blossoms in the heavens."

hol.1898.2011.086.jpg

When do the flowers blossom? The wild-flowers of the forest and the lilies of the prairie blossom in summer.

Do the wild-flowers of the forest and the lilies of the prairie fade ? They fade on earth, but they blossom in heaven.

Can you see the flowers in the sky ? I can see all their colors in the rainbow.

When do you see the rainbow? When the sun shines upon the rain, I see the rainbow against the dark sky.

Do you love the flowers and the rain-bow ? All children love the rainbow. They love to see the beautiful colors in it.

What flowers are seen in the rainbow?" All the lilies of the prairie, All the wild-flowers of the forest, When on earth they fade and perish, Blossom in that heaven above us."

hol.1898.2011.087.jpg

Hiawatha loved the wild-flowers of the forest and the lilies of the prairie. He loved the rippling water and the whispering trees. He loved the twinkling stars, the shining sun and the bright moon.

He said, "Dear grandmother, the earth is beautiful. I love it. I love the rain-bow. It has one foot on the water and one on the earth. Its bow .is far above us in the sky. I can see all the colors of the wild-flowers in its beautiful bow.

I can hear the pine-trees whispering in the forest. Are they whispering to the flowers, grandmother ? Do the trees love the little flowers ? I love the trees and the flowers.

"I love the sun, the moon, the comet. the stars, the water, the trees, and the flowers. They are all very beautiful."

hol.1898.2011.088.jpg

SAW the rainbow in the heaven, In the eastern sky, the, rainbow, Whispered, "What is that, Nokomis?" And the good Nokomis answered: "'Tis the heaven of flowers you see there; All the wild-flowers of the forest, All the lilies of the prairie, When on earth they fade and perish, Blossom in that heaven above us."

hol.1898.2011.089.jpg [illustration - "Saw the rainbow in heaven" ]
hol.1898.2011.090.jpg
hol.1898.2011.091.jpg [illustration - Owls are hooting in the forest.]

The little Hiawatha was in the wigwam. He had been asleep. It was midnight and the wigwam was very dark.

All at once, he heard sounds from the forest. What is that, Nokomis?" he cried in terror. Is it the Naked Bear?"

"Hush, little boy!" said Nokomis. It is but the owl and owlet. They are hooting and laughing in the forest.

"They are not hooting at us," said old Nokomis. Close your eyes and sleep."

She told him stories of the owls. She sang the song of the owlet to him,

hol.1898.2011.092.jpg

THE OWL AND THE OWLET.

Nokomis told Hiawatha about the owls:

"The owls live in the dark and gloomy forest. They live in the pine-trees and firs. They love the dark forest.

"The owls do not sleep at night. They sleep when the sun is shining. They can not see by day when the sun is bright.

"Owls have great eyes. Their eyes are bright. They can see at night when it is very dark. They love the dark night.

"The owlet is a little owl. It lives with the old owl in the forest. You can hear them talking with each other in the trees at night.

"The hooting of the owl and owlet is their native language. They are talking to each other in their native language.

"The old owl is scolding at the owlet and the owlet is laughing at the moon."

Owls live in the dark forest. The owlet is a little owl.

hol.1898.2011.093.jpg

The owls were talking to each other. They were talking in their native language and laughing at each other.

Hiawatha heard the hooting of the owls and he was afraid. "What is that? he cried in terror.

Nokomis laughed and said, "They the owl and owlet in the pine-trees. are talking to each other in their native language. The old owl is scolding and the owlet is laughing at the moon."

"Is not the little owlet afraid of the dark night, grandmother?" asked Hiawatha. "The owlet is with the old owl," said Nokomis. "They love the dark night: Do you not hear them scolding at the moon?"

"Are the owls talking to me, Nokomis "They are not talking to you, little boy. They are scolding at each other."

hol.1898.2011.094.jpg

NOKOMIS AND HIAWATHA.

The little Hiawatha was very dear to his old grandmother. She told him stories and sang to him. She called him her fire-fly, her star, and her little warrior.

On bright summer nights, they stood at the door of the wigwam and she showed him the wonders of the heavens. When they saw the round moon rising from the water, she told him the story of the Indian warrior who threw his grandmother up to the moon.

When the nights were dark, they sat in the wigwam talking to each other. Nokomis told stories about the bear and the owls. The little boy loved to hear the stories and he asked many questions.

When he heard the owls hooting at mid-night, Hiawatha cried. Nokomis laughed at his terror and told him not to be afraid. She said the owls were talking and laughing in their native language.

Can you hear the owls talking?

hol.1898.2011.095.jpg

HIAWATHA IN THE FOREST.

Hiawatha had been in the forest behind the wigwam. He had been to see the wild-flowers. He called them his little earth-stars.

He saw many things in the forest. Dark forest trees rose all about him. The firs were black and gloomy, but the pine-trees whispered to each other. He heard their soft music above him.

The sun was shining through the trees. It made little flecks of light and shadow in the forest. The great trees threw dark shadows on the earth.

At the foot of a fir-tree he saw a bed of soft moss. It was very beautiful. All about it were flowers of many colors.

Far above him in a great pine-tree he saw the owl and owlet. He was not afraid of them. They were asleep.

In the dusk of the evening, Nokomis called him to the wigwam. He told her all about the things he had seen in the forest.

hol.1898.2011.096.jpg

WHEN he heard the owls at midnight, Hooting, laughing in the forest, "What is that?" he cried in terror, What is that," he said, Nokomis?" And the good Nokomis answered: That is but the owl and owlet, Talking in their native language, Talking, scolding at each other."

hol.1898.2011.097.jpg [illustration - "That is but the owl and the owlet" ]
hol.1898.2011.098.jpg
hol.1898.2011.099.jpg

THE BIRDS.

One summer day the sun was shining. Hiawatha walked into the forest. There he saw the little birds. He saw them flying from tree to tree.

The little birds of the forest were of many colors. They were very beautiful as they flew from tree to tree. They were as bright and beautiful as flowers.

The old birds taught their little ones how to fly. They were flying through the trees and singing to each other. Hiawatha heard them talking to each other in their native language.

That night Hiawatha told Nokomis all about the birds he had seen in the forest.

I love the birds.

hol.1898.2011.100.jpg

HIAWATHA AND THE BIRDS.

Hiawatha watched the birds all summer. He loved the little creatures. He watched them flying through the trees.

He learned the language of the birds. Then he talked with them and learned all their secrets. He was good to the little creatures and they learned to love him.

The little birds talked with Hiawatha. They loved him. They flew about him as' he sat and watched them. They told him their secrets.

The birds showed Hiawatha their nests. He learned where they built their nests.

The birds are in their nests.

hol.1898.2011.101.jpg

THE NESTS.

Hiawatha learned the names of all the birds, He called them by their names when he met them in the forest. He learned the language of every bird and talked with it whenever he met it.

The birds showed Hiawatha their nests. They built their nests upon the earth and in the trees and bushes. Hiawatha learned him where they were. The birds told him.

He watched the birds as they built the nests. They built them of twigs, moss and soft earth. The nests were round. Hiawatha called them the wigwams of the birds.

The little birds hid their nests from the owls, but they showed them to the little boy. They were afraid of the owls, but they loved Hiawatha.

The birds told Hiawatha the secrets of their nests. They taught him many things.

Birds are in the fur trees. Do you see the nest there?

hol.1898.2011.102.jpg

THE BIRD SONG.

The birds sang to the little Hiawatha. Whenever he walked in the forest, they flew about him singing. He called them by their names and they sang their beautiful songs to him. They loved the little Indian boy.

"Where are you, little birds?" called Hiawatha as he came into the forest. The birds all came flying about him. "Sing to me, dear little birds," said he, and they sang their beautiful songs to him.

They sang of the trees and the flowers and the bright sun. They sang the secrets of the forest to him. They taught him where they hid their nests in summer.

"Little boy, do you see a nest hid in the tree?" sang the birds.

hol.1898.2011.103.jpg

THE MORNING.

Hiawatha had been asleep in the wigwam all through the dark night. The birds had been asleep in the dark forest.

When the light of morning came through the door of the wigwam, Hiawatha awoke. He watched the little stars fade one by one. He saw the beautiful morning light in the eastern sky. It was of many colors.

All at once, he saw a bright light on the dark forest trees. It made them very beautiful. Then he saw the sun rise from the Big-Sea-Water. Its fiery light made a path across the shining ripples.

The bright sun awoke the little birds. Hiawatha heard them singing to each other in the forest. They sang of the beautiful morning and the bright sun. They sang the music of the forest.

The sun awoke the little flowers. They had been asleep through the night, but the bright sun awoke them. They showed their beautiful blossoms to the shining sun.

hol.1898.2011.104.jpg

HIAWATHA'S CHICKENS.

Hiawatha loved all the birds. He loved their singing and their beautiful colors. He called them Hiawatha's Chickens."

"How are my little chickens?" he asked whenever he came into the forest. Then he talked with them and they taught him all their secrets. He learned how they built their nests in summer and where they hid themselves in winter.

"Hiawatha's Chickens" were not afraid of him. They knew that he loved them and they were not afraid. Whenever he called them, they came flying about him.

"Hiawatha's Chickens" sang to him. He knew all their songs and loved them.

hol.1898.2011.105.jpg

THE LITTLE BIRDS AND THE OWLS.

Every morning when Hiawatha awoke, he heard the birds singing in the forest. At night when he lay in the wigwam, he heard the owls hooting and scolding.

The little boy knew all the sounds of the forest. He knew the language of every bird. He knew what the owls said to each other. He knew the names of all the birds.

The owls were asleep through the day, but at night they awoke. When the bright moon rose, Hiawatha heard them hooting in the forest. He heard them talking to each other and laughing at the moon.

The little birds sang when the sun was shining. They sang to the rising sun that made the earth beautiful. Hiawatha called them his little chickens.

"Hiawatha's Chickens" were afraid of the owls and at night they hid themselves in the trees.

Hiawatha loved the music of the birds, but he was afraid when he heard the owls.

hol.1898.2011.106.jpg

THEN the little Hiawatha Learned of every bird its language, Learned their names and all their secrets; How they built their nests in Summer, Where they hid themselves in Winter, Talked with them whene'er he met them Called them Hiawatha's Chickens."

hol.1898.2011.107.jpg [illustration - "Learned of every bird his langauge" ]
hol.1898.2011.108.jpg
hol.1898.2011.109.jpg [illustration - THE BEAVER.]

Hiawatha saw the beaver in the forest. The beavers lived by the water and built themselves lodges of twigs and soft earth. They lived in the lodges.

The lodges of the beavers stood by the river. The beavers built a dam across the river. They made the dam of trees, twigs and earth. When the water rose behind the dam, they built their lodges there.

Hiawatha watched the beavers at their work. He learned all their secrets. They talked with him and told him many things. He learned how they built their lodges.

hol.1898.2011.110.jpg [illustration - THE SQUIRREL.]

The squirrel lived in the forest. Hiawatha saw him there one day. The squirrel was in a great pine-tree.

Hiawatha watched the squirrel running up and down the tree. He talked with it and learned all its secrets. He called it Adjidaumo

Adjidaumo had a nest in the pine-tree. The nest was made of twigs and leaves. He lived in the nest all through the summer.

Hiawatha loved to see the squirrel running up and down the trees,

hol.1898.2011.111.jpg [illustration - ADJIDAUMO AND THE ACORNS.]

In winter, Adjidaumo did not live in a nest. He lived then in a hollow tree.

Adjidaumo lived on acorns. All through the summer he was at work. He hid acorns in the hollow of the tree.

One day, Hiawatha watched Adjidaumo at work. He hid acorns in the hollow of the tree.

"Why do you work all day?" asked Hiawatha. "I work in summer so I can live in winter," answered Adjidaumo.

The hollow in the treewas Adjidaumo's wigwam. He bedded it with moss and leaves and lived there all winter.

hol.1898.2011.112.jpg [illustration - THE RABBIT.]

The rabbit was very timid. It did not live in the trees as the squirrel did. It did not have lodges as the beaver did. It hid in the bushes.

Hiawatha loved the little creature. He talked with it whenever he met it. It was not afraid of him and he learned all its secrets. He learned why it was so timid.

The rabbit told Hiawatha why it was so timid. It was afraid of the other beasts. When it saw them, it hid in the bushes.

Hiawatha learned where the rabbit hid. He knew a11 the secrets of the forest.

hol.1898.2011.113.jpg

THE REINDEER.

Hiawatha saw a reindeer in the forest. It was running very swiftly. It had great antlers.

Hiawatha learned many things about the reindeer. He watched it running through the trees. He saw its great antlers.

Hiawatha talked with the reindeer. He asked it how it ran so swiftly. The rein-deer told him all its secrets.

The reindeer did not work as the squirrel and the beaver did: When win-ter came, it lived on moss and twigs.

At night, the reindeer lay down in the bushes to sleep. In the morning, it awoke and ran swiftly through the forest.

The rabbit ran very swiftly, but not so swiftly as the reindeer.

hol.1898.2011.114.jpg

HIAWATHA'S BROTHERS.

All the beasts were Hiawatha's friends. He was very good to them. He called them Hiawatha's Brothers."

Whenever he went into the forest, they came running about him. "We are your little brothers, Hiawatha," they said. "You are very good to us and we love you."

The beavers showed him how they built the dam across the river. They showed him their lodges on the shore. They said that the lodges were their little wigwams.

The squirrel was glad to see Hiawatha. It showed him the nest in the great pine-tree. It showed him the hollow tree where it hid the acorns.

The timid rabbit talked with Hiawatha. It told him why it was afraid of the other beasts and the owls.

The reindeer taught him how it ran so swiftly. It showed him its great antlers.

Hiawatha knew them all and loved them. He said they were Hiawatha's Brothers."

hol.1898.2011.115.jpg

What The Beasts Said.

"Good morning, little brother!" said all the beasts to Hiawatha. "How are you this beautiful morning?'

"We are very glad to see you this morning," said the beavers.

"Do you see my nest in that pine-tree?" asked the squirrel.

"We are your litle friends, Hiawatha," said the rabbits.

"See my great antlers!" said the reindeer.

hol.1898.2011.116.jpg

OF all beasts he learned the language, Learned their names and all their secrets, How the beavers built their lodges, Where the squirrels hid their acorns, How the reindeer ran so swiftly, Why the rabbit was so timid, Talked with them whene'er he met them, Called them Hiawatha's Brothers."

hol.1898.2011.117.jpg [illustration - "Learned their names and all their secrets" ]
hol.1898.2011.118.jpg
hol.1898.2011.119.jpg

IAGO

Old Iagoo was a great warrior. He loved the little Hiawatha and told him marvellous stories. He had been a great traveller and he was a marvellous story-teller. Nokomis and he were friends.

Iagoo was a great talker and boaster. When he came to the wigwam, he told Nokomis and Hiawatha marvellous stories about the things he had seen. Hiawatha loved to hear his stories and asked him many questions about them.

Iagoo answered all the questions Hiawatha asked. He had been a great traveller and he had learned many things. He taught Hiawatha all he had learned.

Hiawatha loved Iagoo, the great boaster and story-teller. He loved his stories.

hol.1898.2011.120.jpg [illustration - THE MAKING OF THE BOW.]

One day, Iagoo had been talking to Hiawatha about the Indian warriors. He said they were great hunters. I will make you a bow, my little hunter," said he.

Then Iagoo, the great boaster, made a bow for Hiawatha. "We must have a branch from the ash-tree to make a good bow," he said. They went into the forest together and Iagoo saw an ash-tree there. He made the bow from a branch of the ash.

"The bow must have a cord," said Iagoo. We will make the cord of deer-skin." He went into the wigwam and old Nokomis gave him a deer-skin. Then he made a cord and fastened it to the bow.

Hiawatha was glad when Iagoo gave him the bow. He showed it to Nokomis and told her that Iagoo had made it for him.

hol.1898.2011.121.jpg

THE MAKING OF THEARROWS.

"You must have arrows for your bow, my little hunter," said Iagoo to Hiawatha.

So Iagoo and Hiawatha walked into the forest. They found an oak-tree there and Iagoo made the arrows from an oak-bough.

"The arrows must be winged with feathers," said Iagoo. So he winged the arrows with feathers that Hiawatha found.

"The arrows must be tipped with flint," said Iagoo. So they found flint and Iagoo tipped the arrows with it.

"We must have a quiver for the arrows," said Iagoo. So he made a quiver for them.

hol.1898.2011.122.jpg

IAGOO, NOKOMIS, AND HIAWATHA.

"Where is my little boy?" said Nokomis to Iagoo. He is with me," said old Iagoo. "We have been making a bow and arrows."

"See what a good bow I have!" said Hiawatha. "Iagoo made it for me. See the quiver for my arrows! Iagoo has made it of many colors. Is it not beautiful?"

"Iagoo is very good to you," said Nokomis. He is my friend and we are glad to have him with us. Where have you been all day, Iagoo?"

"We have been in the forest for boughs of oak and a branch of ash," said Iagoo. Then we went to the shore of the Big-Sea Water and found flint for the arrows."

"What will Hiawatha do with a bow and arrows?" asked Nokomis. He is my little hunter," answered Iagoo. "He will go into the forest and kill a famous roebuck."

"I will kill the deer," said Hiawatha, but I will not kill the squirrel and the rabbit. They are my little brothers."

hol.1898.2011.123.jpg

WHAT IAGOO SAID TO HIAWATHA.

Iagoo fastened the quiver for Hiawathaand gave him the bow. Then he said:

"See, my son, you are a little hunter! I have made for you a bow and arrows. You must go into the forest and kill a deer.

"The red deer herd together in the forest. With them there is a famous roebuck. This roebuck has great antlers and he is very beautiful.

"Go into the forest, my son, with your bow and arrows. When you have found where the red deer herd together, you must kill for us the famous roebuck.

"Your arrows are tipped with flint and winged with feathers. Kill for us a deer with antlers!

"Your arrow will fly straight from the bow. Kill for us a famous roebuck!"

hol.1898.2011.124.jpg

THEN Iagoo, the great boaster, He the marvellous story-teller, He the traveller and the talker, He the friend of old Nokomis, Made a bow for Hiawatha; From a branch of ash he made it, From an oak-bough made the arrows, Tipped with flint, and winged with feathers. And the cord he made of deer-skin. Then he said to Hiawatha: Go, my son, into the forest, Where the red deer herd together, Kill for us a famous roebuck, Kill for us a deer with antlers!"

hol.1898.2011.125.jpg [illustration - "Go, my son, into the forest" ]
hol.1898.2011.126.jpg
hol.1898.2011.127.jpg [illustration - IN THE FOREST.]

Hiawatha walked forth into the forest, The little boy was all alone, but he walked very proudly. He went straightway into the forest.

It was a beautiful summer day. The sun was shining in the clear sky. As Hiawatha walked proudly among the trees, the birds sang to him from the branches above.

Forth into the forest straightway went the little hunter. He was all alone, but he had his bow and arrows with him.

hol.1898.2011.128.jpg

WHAT THE BIRDS SANG.

As Hiawatha walked proudly through the forest, the birds flew round him and over him. They sat among the branches over him and sang to him. We are glad to see you, little brother," sang the birds.

But when the birds saw Hiawatha's bow and arrows, they were afraid. They sang,"Do not shoot us, Hiawatha! Do not shoot your little chickens!"

The bluebird flew over the little hunter, singing, Do not shoot me, Hiawatha! I am Owaissa, the bluebird. I am Owaissa, the friend of Hiawatha. Do not shoot me, little brother!"

The robin knew Hiawatha and loved him,. but it was afraid of his bow and arrows. It sat on a bough above the little hunter and watched him with its bright eyes.

"Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!" sang the robin. I am your little friend, Opechee. I am Opechee, the robin, and I love you.. Do not shoot me, little hunter!"

hol.1898.2011.129.jpg

WHAT THE SQUIRREL SAID.

Adjidaumo, the squirrel, sprang up the oak-tree, close beside the little hunter. He ran in and out among the branches and watched Hiawatha with his bright eyes.

Adjidaumo laughed when he saw the bow. He sat in the oak-tree and chattered and coughed at the little hunter. He threw acorns from the oak-tree at him. He laughed, and said between his laughing:

"Do not shoot me, Hiawatha! I am Adjidaumo, the squirrel. I am the friend and brother of Hiawatha. Do not shoot me, little brother!

"I am not afraid of you, little hunter You have many arrows in your quiver, but you will not kill me with them. Your arrows are tipped with flint, but I am not afraid of them. I am your little brother."

hol.1898.2011.130.jpg

WHAT THE RABBIT SAID.

The timid rabbit saw the little hunter and leaped aside from his pathway. When it was at a little distance, it sat erect upon its haunches and watched him.

The rabbit loved Hiawatha, but it was half afraid of his bow and arrows. As he came down the pathway between the trees, it said half in fear and half in frolic:

"Do not shoot me, Hiawatha! I am your little friend, the rabbit. I am very timid and I fear your bow and arrows. Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!

"When I saw the arrows in your quiver, I leaped aside from your pathway and ran, dear little brother. Then I watched you half in frolic and half in fear. What will you do with your bow and arrows, little hunter?"

hol.1898.2011.131.jpg

THE LITTLE HUNTER.

Hiawatha walked on through the forest alone. He had walked proudly forth from the wigwam and straightway to the forest His bow was beside him and many arrows were in his quiver.

The birds sang round and over the little"hunter." Do not shoot us, Hiawatha!" sang the robin, the Opechee. Do not kill us, Hiawatha!" sang the bluebird, the Owaissa. But Hiawatha heard them not.

Up the oak-tree sprang Adjidaumo, the squirrel. He sprang out and in among the branches and coughed and chattered to the little boy. "Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!" he called between his laughing. But Hiawatha saw him not.

The rabbit leaped aside from the path-way and sat erect upon its haunches at a distance. Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!" it said half in fear and half in frolic. But Hiawatha heard it not. He went straight-way through the forest.

hol.1898.2011.132.jpg

FORTH into the forest straightway All alone walked Hiawatha Proudly, with his bow and arrows; And the birds sang round him, o'er him, Do not shoot us, Hiawatha! "Sang the robin, the Opechee, Sang the bluebird, the Owaissa, "Do not shoot us, Hiawatha!" Up the oak-tree, close beside him, Sprang the squirrel, Adjidaumo, In and out among the branches, Coughed and chattered from the oak-tree, Laughed, and said between his laughing, Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!" And the rabbit from his pathway Leaped aside, and at a distance Sat erect upon his haunches, Half in fear and half in frolic, Saying to the little hunter, Do not shoot me, Hiawatha!"

hol.1898.2011.133.jpg [illustration - "Forth into the forest straightway" ]
hol.1898.2011.134.jpg
hol.1898.2011.135.jpg

HIAWATHA'S HUNTING.

You have heard how the birds and the beasts talked to Hiawatha, when they saw him with his bow and quiver of arrows. But he heeded not, nor heard them. All his thoughts were with the red deer that herd together in the forest.

The little hunter found the tracks of the deer in the forest, and his eyes were fastened on them. When Adjidaumo sprang up the oak-tree and coughed and chattered among its branches, Hiawatha did not see, nor hear him. The thoughts of the little hunter were with the red deer.

When the rabbit leaped aside from his

hol.1898.2011.136.jpg

HIAWATHA'S HUNTING.

pathway and sat erect upon its haunches, Hiawatha heeded it not. His thoughts were with the famous roebuck that was with the herd of red deer.

The little hunter's eyes were fastened on the tracks of the red deer. They made a pathway leading downward to the river, and he walked down the pathway.

When Hiawatha came to the ford across the river, he hid in the alder-bushes. He lay there, safely hidden, and waited till the deer came.

Hidden in the alder-bushes, the little hunter waited for the deer. His eyes were fastened on the pathway leading downward to the ford. His bow was close beside him with the arrow on the cord.

Round about the little hunter flew the birds. The robin and the bluebird called to him from the branches. Adjidaumo chattered

hol.1898.2011.137.jpg

HIAWATHA'S HUNTING.

to him from the oak-bough. The rabbit sat erect and watched him from a distance. But Hiawatha heeded them not. All his thoughts were with the roebuck and he waited for its coming.

All about the little hunter were great trees. Their leaves trembled in the wind. The whispered to him as he lay hidden in the alder-bushes by the ford. But Hiawatha did not hear them. The birch-leaf palpitated in the soft summer wind, but he did not see it. He waited to see a deer come down the pathway, and his heart palpitated within him as he waited.

hol.1898.2011.138.jpg

HIAWATHA'S HUNTING.

Hiawatha lay in the alder-bushes. All at once, he saw two antlers lifted from a thicket. He knew the deer was coming, but he watched and waited. He saw two bright eyes look from the thicket, but he waited and watched. He saw two nostrils point to windward. But still he waited.

Then a deer came down the pathway. Ah! what a beautiful deer it was! Its antlers were proudly lifted as it walked down the pathway to the ford. It knew not that the little hunter was hidden in the bushes by the river.

The pathway was flecked with light and shadow from the leafy trees above it. The deer was very beautiful as it stood there with nostrils to windward and its antlers proudly lifted.

Hiawatha was very glad to see the deer. How his heart palpitated within him! How

hol.1898.2011.139.jpg

HIAWATHA'S HUNTING.

it trembled and fluttered! It palpitated like the birch-leaf when he saw the eyes look from the thicket. When the deer came down the pathway, it fluttered and trembled like the leaves on the alder-bushes above him. But he lay very still, for he knew that the deer was timid.

"Ah!" thought the little hunter, "this is the famous roebuck that Iagoo told me about. This is the deer with the antlers that I came to kill. I will shoot him with the bow and arrows that Iagoo made for me. I will kill the deer with antlers."

hol.1898.2011.140.jpg

BUT he heeded not, nor heard them, For his thoughts were with the red deer; On their tracks his eyes were fastened, Leading downward to the river, To the ford across the river, And as one in slumber walked he. Hidden in the alder-bushes, There he waited till the deer came, Till. he saw two antlers lifted, Saw two eyes look from the thicket, Saw two nostrils point to windward, And a deer came down the pathway, Flecked with leafy light and shadow. And his heart within him fluttered, Trembled like the leaves above him, Like the birch-leaf palpitated, As the deer came down the pathway.

hol.1898.2011.141.jpg [illustration - "There he waited till the deer came" ]
hol.1898.2011.142.jpg
hol.1898.2011.143.jpg

THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER.

Hiawatha waited till the deer came down to the ford. Then, upon one knee uprising, he aimed an arrow. He aimed the arrow at the deer as it stood with lifted antlers beside the river.

The little hunter made no sound. Not a twig moved with his motion as he rose upon one knee. Scarce a leaf was stirred or rustled as he aimed the arrow. But he was afraid that the deer had heard him.

How the little hunter's heart fluttered and trembled as he aimed the arrow! It palpitated within him like the birch-leaf in the wind. He was afraid that the deer

hol.1898.2011.144.jpg

THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER.

had heard him. He was afraid that it had seen him through the leaves of the alder-bushes that hid him.

Hiawatha's heart trembled, but he aimed his arrow straight at the deer.

Uprising on one knee, the little hunter aimed his arrow at the deer. Scarce a twig moved with his motion. Scarce a leaf was stirred or rustled. But the wary roe-buck started as if it had heard him.

The roebuck was very timid. It did not see Hiawatha point the arrow at its heart, but it started and listened. It listened with one foot uplifted. It stood with its nostrils to windward. But there was not a sound from the alder-bushes.

The wary roebuck knew that the hunter was hidden close by. It listened with up-lifted foot, but it did not hear him. It looked up and down the pathway, but it did

hol.1898.2011.145.jpg

THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER.

not see him. It stood with its nostrils to windward, but it did not find him.

Then the roebuck stamped with all its hoofs together, for it knew that Hiawatha was close by.

As the deer stamped with all its hoofs together, the arrow flew from the cord of the bow. Ah! the singing, fatal arrow! It flew straight from the bow. It buzzed and stung like a wasp.

The fatal arrow was made from a branch

hol.1898.2011.146.jpg

THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER.

of the oak-tree. It had a point of flint. It was winged with feathers. It was very straight and it flew swiftly. There were many arrows like it in Hiawatha's quiver. Iagoo made them all.

Straight to the heart of the deer flew the fatal arrow. The timid deer heard it singing from the bow. He leaped as if to meet it. He knew not what to do nor where to go. He heard the arrow coming, but he did not see it.

The fatal arrow went where the hunter aimed it. It found the heart of the timid deer. It stung him like a wasp. It found his timid heart and stung it till it beat no longer.

The roebuck was dead. His timid heart beat no longer. Hiawatha had killed him. With his bow and arrow, the little hunter had killed the famous roebuck,

hol.1898.2011.147.jpg

THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER.

The leaves of the trees fluttered and trembled in the soft summer wind, but the roebuck's heart was stilled. It fluttered and trembled no longer. The arrow of the hunter had stung and stilled it.

The birds sang among teh leafy boughs. The squirrel laughed and chattered in the oak-tree. The rabbit cam forth from the thicket and listened. But the roebuck saw them not, nor heard them. He was dead.

And the roebuck moved not, nor stirred. Dead he lay there on the pathway, by the ford across the river.

hol.1898.2011.148.jpg

THEN, upon one knee uprising, Hiawatha aimed an arrow ; Scarce a twig moved with his motion, Scarce a leaf was stirred or rustled, But the wary roebuck started, Stamped with all his hoofs together, Listened with one foot uplifted, Leaped as if to meet the arrow ; Ah! the singing, fatal arrow ; Like a wasp it buzzed and stung him! Dead he lay there in the forest, By the ford across the river ; Beat his timid heart no longer.

hol.1898.2011.149.jpg [illustration - Indian Implements ]
hol.1898.2011.150.jpg
hol.1898.2011.151.jpg

THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST.

Hiawatha was glad. He ran to the dead roebuck and looked down upon him proudly. How his heart throbbed and exulted within him! He had killed the wary roebuck! He had killed the deer with antlers!

The little hunter's heart throbbed and exulted. "Look, my brothers!" he shouted to the rabbit and the squirrel. See what I have killed! I have killed the famous roebuck. I have killed the great deer of the herd with my bow of ash and my arrows of oak. Iagoo and Nokomis will be glad."

Then Hiawatha bore the deer homeward. He knew that Iagoo and Nokomis waited for him in the wigwam, and he walked proudly. His heart exulted within him. He shouted to the robin and the bluebird. He called to the beaver and the reindeer. He talked to the squirrel and the rabbit. His heart

hol.1898.2011.152.jpg

THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST.

was glad within him, for he knew that Nokomis and Iagoo waited for his coming.

The birds sang to Hiawatha as he bore the red deer homeward. The squirrel chattered from the bough of the oak-tree. The beavers came forth from their lodges and watched him. The rabbit leaped across his pathway. They all exulted with the little hunter as he bore the red deer homeward.

Iagoo and Nokomis stood at the door of the wigwam. Their thoughts were with the little hunter in the forest. They talked about him as they waited for his corning.

"Where is my little hunter?" asked Nokomis. "I fear he has not found the deer. Will you not go into the forest and find him, Iagoo? I do not hear him coining."

"Ugh!" said Iagoo. "He will come when he has found the deer and killed him. The roebuck is timid and wary, but our little

hol.1898.2011.153.jpg

THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST.

hunter will track him through the forest. Do not be afraid, Nokomis."

"Hush!" said Nokomis, "I hear him coming." They listened and heard Hiawatha as he shouted to the birds and beasts. Then the little hunter came out of the forest, and they saw him.

Hiawatha bore the red deer straightway to the wigwam and gave it to old Nokomis. "See, Iagoo!" he said. "I have killed the famous roebuck.

Iagoo and Nokomis hailed the coming of Hiawatha with applauses. They praised him and called him a famous hunter. "I will make him a cloack of the roebuck's hide," said Nokomis. "It will be a good cloak of the roebuck's hide," said Nokomis. "It will be a good cloak for winter." So she mad Hiawatha a deer-skin cloak.

hol.1898.2011.154.jpg

THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST.

"What will you do with the red deer's flesh?" asked Hiawatha. "We will make you a banquet," said Nokomis. "Ugh! "said old Iagoo, "we will make a feast in honor of our little hunter."

"We will have all the village come to our feast," said Nokomis. We will make a great feast in honor of our little hunter. We will have all the warriors, and all of the women and the children as our guests."

So Nokomis and Iagoo made a banquet is Hiawatha's honor. Nokomis made the banquet from the red deer's flesh, and Iagoo called all the warriors and all the women and the children of the

hol.1898.2011.155.jpg

THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST.

village as guests. They all came and feasted in honor of Hiawatha's hunting.

When the banquet was over, Iagoo told stories. The Indians listened to his stories and praised them. "Ugh!" they said, "you are a marvellous story-teller."

Then Hiawatha told them of the shooting of the deer. He told them how it came down to the ford where he lay hidden, and how he killed and bore it homeward.

The warriors and the women all praised the hunter. They called him Strong-Heart, Soan-ge-taha. They called him Loon-Heart, Mahn-go-taysee.

hol.1898.2011.156.jpg

BUT the heart of Hiawatha Throbbed and shouted and exulted, As he bore the red deer homeward, And Iagoo and Nokomis Hailed his coming with applauses. From the red deer's hide Nokomis Made a cloak for Hiawatha, From the red deer's flesh Nokomis Made a banquet in his honor. All the village came and feasted, All the guests praised Hiawatha, Called him Strong-Heart, Soan-ge-taha! Called him Loon-Heart, Mahn-go-taysee!

hol.1898.2011.157.jpg [illustration - "All the guests praised Hiawatha" ]
hol.1898.2011.158.jpg
hol.1898.2011.159.jpg

APPENDIX

MUDJEKEEWIS.

THIS is the story of Mudjekeewis, who killed the Great Bear of the mountains.

Mudjekeewis was a great warrior. Once, he was hunting all alone and he found the Great Bear of the mountains as it lay asleep. The Great Bear had a magic girdle of wampum.

The heart of Mudjekeewis exulted. He made no sound as he walked softly up the mountain. He drew the magic girdle softly over the round ears of the Bear as it lay asleep. It did not see, nor hear him.

Then Mudjekeewis shouted his war-cry and struck the Bear with his great war-club. Right between the eyes he struck it. The great beast rose from the earth, but its

hol.1898.2011.160.jpg

knees trembled with fear. It sat upon its haunches and cried like a woman.

Mudjekeewis laughed when he saw that the Bear was afraid of him. He called it a coward and an old woman. Then he killed it with his war-club and bore the magic girdle of wampum to the village.

When the Indians saw the magic girdle, they hailed Mudjekeewis with applauses. "Honor be to Mudjekeewis!" they shouted. "He shall be ruler of the winds of heaven. He shall be called Mudjekeewis no longer, but Kabeyun, the West-Wina.

WABUN.

Mudjekeewis had three sons. Wabun was young and beautiful, and to him Mudjekeewis gave the East-Wind.

All the Indians loved Wabun. He came from the East with the morning light. He whispered to the trees. He told the birds and blossoms that the sun was coming. He called the deer, and called the hunter.

hol.1898.2011.161.jpg

Wabun was very lonely in the sky. The birds sang to him and the flowers lifted up their blossoms for him to see. Rivers and forests shouted at his coming. But his heart was sad within him, for he was alone in heaven.

One day, as Wabun looked down upon the earth, he saw a maiden standing by a river. Her eyes were blue as the summer sky and she was very beautiful. She was all alone on earth as Wabun. was in heaven.

Then Wabun called the maiden from the earth to live with him in heaven. So the East-Wind and the Star of Morning are no longer lonely. They walk through heaven together and help to make the earth beautiful and bright.

SHAWONDASEE

Shawondasee, the brother of Wabun, was fat and lazy. Mudjekeewis gave to him the

hol.1898.2011.162.jpg

soft and gentle South-Wind that blew over the earth in summer.

Shawondasee loved the flowers and many blossoms sprang up in his pathway. When he blew across the earth, the birds sang among the branches. All things loved the soft and gentle South-Wind.

But Shawondasee had one sorrow in his heart. One day, as he looked northward, he saw a maiden standing among the lilies on the prairie. Her cloak was green and her tresses were like the sunshine.

Shawondasee loved this maiden, but he was very lazy. He did not go northward to where she stood. He called to her, but she heeded him not. So the lazy Shawondasee sat and watched her as she stood upon the prairie in the summer sunshine.

One morning, when Shawondasee looked to see the maiden, he found her shining tresses white as snow. They blew away in the wind as he watched her. Then he knew it was not a maiden that he had seen. It was the beautiful prairie dandelion.

hol.1898.2011.163.jpg

KABIBONOKKA.

To Kabibonokka, gave the cold, cruel North-wind. So Kabibonokka lives far away to northward in the land of White Rabbit.

Once, Kabibonokka came forth from his the lodge of frost and snow. When he blew over the earth, the flowers were killed and the birds flew far away to the sunny land of Shawondasee. But Shingebis, the diver, was not afraid of Kabibonokka and he did not go.

Kabibonokka was very angry when he saw that Shingebis was not afraid of him. He went to his wigwam at night and shouted down the smoke-flue. But Shingebis had a good fire and he did not fear the cruel North-Wind.

Then Kabibonokka went in at the door and made the wigwam cold. Still Shingebis did not fear. He threw branches on his he and laughed. The fire leaped up and drove Kabibonokka out of the wigwam.

hol.1898.2011.164.jpg

Then Kabibonokka asked Shingebis to come out and wrestle with him. Shingebis went out and they wrestled all night long. Shingebis beat Kabibonokka and drove him back to the land of frost and snow.

This is the Indian story of the north-wind and the sun. The Indians called the sun Shingebis, the diver.

MONDAMIN.

Once, in the Moon of Leaves, Hiawatha tasted in the forest. He built him a wigwam there, and fasted for the good of all the Indians. He wished to help them.

Hiawatha fasted and walked in the forest. He saw the birds and beasts and all things that the Great Spirit had made for food. But there was very little food for the Indians in the long, cold winter.

One day, Hiawatha lay in his wigwam on a bed of branches. As the sun went down,

hol.1898.2011.165.jpg
hol.1898.2011.166.jpg

and yellow cloak. So Hiawatha did all that Mondamin had told him to do.

By and by, a green plume rose from the earth where Mondamin lay. Day by day, it rose higher and higher and threw out long leaves of green that rustled in the wind. It was Mondamin, the Indian corn. It had come to be the food of the Indians.

HIAWATHA'S FRIENDS.

Hiawatha loved all the Indians, but he had two friends who were very dear to him. The name of one was Kwasind and the other was called Chibiabos.

Kwasind was very strong. He fasted in the forest many days and the Great Spirit made him strong. One day Kwasind's father asked him to go hunting. They started to go through the forest, but the pathway was crowded with great trees that lay across it. We must go back," said his father. But Kwasind lifted the great trees from the

hol.1898.2011.167.jpg

Pathway and threw them faraway into the forest. He threw them far away into the was very strong.

Chibiabos was young and gentle. He was a great singer. When he sang in the village, all the warriors and the women came to hear him. When he sang in the forest, all the beasts crowded round him and listened. The birds asked him to teach them the secret of his music. He sang of love and sorrow, and all things listened.

Kwasind and Chibiabos loved Hiawatha and wished to work with him for the good of all the Indians. Kwasind cleared the rivers of rocks and trees and made them run straight. Chibiabos made flutes from hollow reeds and taught the children how to make music with them.

When the work of the day was over, the three friends sat by the fire and talked together with naked hearts. The pathway between them ran straight.

Hiawatha loved Kwasind because he was strong, but he loved Chibiabos because he was gentle and beautiful.

hol.1898.2011.168.jpg

HIAWATHA'S CANOE

When Kwasind had cleared the river of rocks and trees, Hiawatha built a canoe. "I will make me a light canoe," he said, "that shall float upon the water like the yellow water-lily."

So Hiawatha walked into the forest and found a birch-tree. Give me your bark, 0 Birch-Tree!" said he, that I may make me a canoe. Summer is coming and you do not need your bark." The birch-tree gave him all its yellow bark.

Then Hiawatha went to the cedar. Give me your strong boughs, 0 Cedar!" said he, so I can make a strong and light canoe." The cedar gave him its strong boughs. He bent the strong boughs like two bows and fastened them together.

Then Hiawatha went to the larch-tree. "Give me your roots, 0 Larch-Tree!" said he. "that I may fasten my canoe together and make it very strong." The larch-tree gave him all its roots. Then he bent the

hol.1898.2011.169.jpg

bark of the birch-tree over the boughs of cedar and fastened them together with the tough roots of the larch-tree.

Then Hiawatha said, "I must have resin to close the seams of the canoe and keep out the water." He went to the fir-tree and cried, 0 Fir-Tree! give me resin to close the seams of my canoe and keep the water out." The fir-tree gave him resin, and with it he fastened all the seams of the canoe.

Then Hiawatha found a hedgehog asleep in a hollow tree. "Give me of your quills, O Hedgehog!" said he, "that I may make my canoe beautiful." The hedgehog gave him all its shining quills. Hiawatha colored them red and blue and yellow and made two stars and a girdle for the canoe.

So the canoe was built. All the magic of the forest was in it. It was light as the bark of the birch-tree, strong as the boughs of the cedar and tough as the roots of the larch-tree. And it floated on the water like a yellow water-lily

hol.1898.2011.170.jpg

THE HUNTING OF THE DEER.*

"Will you make a bow and arrows for me, Iagoo?"

"I have made a bow of ash and arrows of the oak-tree for you, my little Hiawatha. Here they are. Now you can go into the forest and hunt."

"I shall go into the forest where all the birds and beasts, my chickens and my brothers are, but I shall not hunt them. I shall hunt the red deer."

"We are the robins. Our little friend is coming. He has his bow and arrows with him. Do not shoot us, Hiawatha!"

"Here comes the little Hiawatha. See his arrows ! 0 Hiawatha, do not shoot us ! We are your chickens, the bluebirds."

"What are you hunting, little brother? I do not fear you. I am Adjidaumo, the squirrel. Shoot me not, 0 Hiawatha!"

"I am Wabasso, the timid white rabbit.

*For dramatization. Assign the characters to the children and let them act the story as they tell it.

hol.1898.2011.171.jpg

Do not shoot me, Hiawatha ! I am Wabasso, your little friend and brother."

"My chickens and my brothers call me, but I do not heed them. All my thoughts are with the red deer. I will wait here in the bushes till the roebuck comes down to the river. . . . Ah! I see two antlers lifted from the thicket! Now the roebuck comes down the pathway to the ford! How my heart beats as I aim my arrow! Ah! the fatal arrow has stung him! . . . The famous roebuck is dead. I have killed the deer with antlers. I will bear him home-ward."

"Hiawatha has killed a deer, Iagoo.

"I killed it by the ford, Iagoo."

"Ugh! so you found the famous roebuck? You are a great hunter, my son."

"We will make a banquet in his honor Iagoo. Call the warriors and the women."

"Ugh! we will have a great feast. All t village will come and do him honor."

hol.1898.2011.172.jpg
hol.1898.2011.173.jpg

SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS

The HIAWATHA PRIMER is designed to be the child's first book in read-been and thoroughly will be found entirely practical for such use. Its contents have tested in actual class-room work, and it has been care-fully graded to minimize the difficulties of the first steps in reading.

The child's interest in his reading being vital to his progress, all drill exercises, lists of words and other extraneous matter have been excluded from the reading text. Such phonic, word and sentence drills as the judgment of the teacher prescribes may properly be presented on the black-board where they will not distract the eye and attention of the child when he is attempting to read. This method of presenting drill work also allows full flexibility of adjustment to the individuality of the teacher and the needs of particular children.

The sentence method has been selected as the most desirable for the initial exercises in the recognition and discrimination of printed forms. These initial sentences will at first be recognized and discriminated by the child as wholes only, and the considerable number of separate words which they contain will diminish rather than increase the difficulty of discriminating between them. In succeeding exercises, the clauses and phrase forms of which these sentences are composed are presented in varying relations, and, finally, the separate words through repetition in differing context will be readily recognized.

The mental content of word forms is largely dependent on their context, and the child will master new word forms much more easily if they are presented to him in their natural thought-relations. All detached lists of unrelated words have therefore been excluded from the reading pages, the new words being presented only in a definite context. If the blackboard is used for drill in sight recognition and pronunciation of new words, this drill should follow and not precede their first presentation in the reading text.

Preparation for the reading should include oral language work based the conversation about the subject of the reading exercises. The story of section of the book under consideration should also be told in condensed

hol.1898.2011.174.jpg

form by the teacher and reproduced in substance by the children. This language story should employ all words used in the reading section that are not already in the child's oral vocabulary (if there are any such), and the meaning of these words should be made clear by explanation and illustration, if necessary.

The reading of the first lessons in the book may well be supplemented, or even preceded, by presentation of the same sentences, in varying order, on the blackboard. This blackboard work will economize time by enabling the teacher to hold the attention of the class as a whole ; it will also give variety to the necessary repetition. The first step in reading consists in discriminating between two printed, or written, forms whose oral equivalents have been given by the teacher, and care should be had that the child does not recognize these symbols by their position on the blackboard rather than by their form.

Script has been freely employed in the beginning exercises to give variety to the necessary review work and to facilitate the use of the black-board in connection with the book. The later script exercises are designed to furnish continued drill for script reading, and the detached script words, phrases, and sentences may be employed as copies for the child's writing exercises.

The illustrations throughout the book may be used as the basis for the child's work in drawing. The idea embodied in these should be reproduced in substance on blackboard and paper by the child, but he should not be allowed to attempt copying them in detail with the book in hand. The silhouette illustrations may be used as models for paper cutting and brush drawing.

To secure flexibility of expression, emphasis and inflection, the dramatic, or dialogue, form has been used for many of the reading exercises, and sentences of varying length and structure have been freely employed throughout the book.

The vocabulary on the following pages has been arranged for the convenience of the teacher. It contains a complete list of the words employed in the reading text. Words inflected by adding s only are given but the one form in the vocabulary.

Before taking up the Appendix the class should read the excerpts from Longfellow's Hiawatha on pages 14, 28, 40, 52, 64, 74, 80, 88, 96, 102, 108, 114, 120, 126 as one continued poem, and should memorize them.

hol.1898.2011.175.jpg

VOCABULARY OF THE HIAWATHA PRIMER

NOTE. – All the pages and lessons that do not contain new words are omitted from this list.

The Discritical Marks given are those found in the latest editionof Webster's Internation Dictionary

Page 1

• Hiawatha
• was
• an
• Indian
• boy
• Nokomis
• his
• grandmother

Page 2

• lived
• with
• in
• a
• wigwam

Page 3

• the
• stood
• by
• water
• it
• Big-Sea-Water

Page 4

• and

Page 5

• shore
• of
• Gitche Gumee
• before
• beat
• bright
• upon

Page 7

• dark
• behind
• rose
• forest
• sunny
• clear
• shining

Page 8(A)

• little

Page 9

• pine-trees
• firs
• gloomy
• were
• black

Page 10

• had
• cones
• them

Page 15

• old
• wrinkled
• she
• nursed
• cradle
• rocked
• him
• there

Page 16

• made
• linden
• tree

Page 17

• bedded
• soft
• moss
• rushes

Page 18

• safely
• bound
• sinews
• reindeer

Page 19

• fretful
• stilled
• wail
• saying
• hush

Page 20

• he
• bear
• will
• hear
• thee
• naked

Page 21

• singing
• said
• called
• lulled
• into
• slumber

Page 24

• owlet
• my
• ewa-yea

Page 25(A)

• great
• eyes
• who
• lights

Page 25(B)

• that

hol.1898.2011.176.jpg

Page 30

• stars
• taught
• many
• things
• showed
• heaven
• shine

Page 31

• Ishkoodah
• comet
• tresses
• fiery
• saw

Page 33

• winter
• nights
• frosty
• northern
• are
• they
• see

Page 34

• far
• away
• to
• northward
• flaring

Page 35

• warriors
• their
• plumes
• war-clubs
• Death-dance
• spirits

Page 37(A)

• broad
• road
• white
• running
• straight
• across

Page 37(B)

• pathway
• ghosts
• shadows
• crowded
• or

Page 41

• sat
• music

Page 42(A)

• at
• door
• her

Page 42(B)

• heard
• whispering
• minne-wawa
• words
• wonder

Page 42(C)

• lapping
• mudway-aushka
• words
• wonder

Page 43

• on
• summer
• evenings
• starlight

Page 44

• loved
• what
• I

Page 45

• fire-fly
• Wah-wah-taysee
• dusk
• flitting
• through
• brakes
• bushes

Page 46(A)

• twinkle
• its
• candle
• lighting
• up

Page 46(B)

• saug
• song
• children
• white-fire
• creature

Page 48

• bed
• lay
• me
• your
• ere
• sleep
• close(v.)
• eylids

Page 49

• insect
• dancing

Page 54(A)

• moon
• rise
• from
• moonlight
• path
• rippling

Page 54(B)

• round
• whispered
• very
• good
• answered
• question

Page 55

• beautiful
• rounding

hol.1898.2011.177.jpg

• ripples

Page 56

• once
• twinkling
• rising

Page 57

• has
• flecks
• how

Page 58

• told
• woman
• asked
• story
• about

Page 59

• angry
• seized
• threw
• sky
• midnight
• right
• against
• you

Page 60(A)

• stories

Page 66

• rainbow
• eastern
• sun
• western
• not
• seen

Page 67(A)

• been
• raining
• all
• colors
• one
• foot

Page 67(B)

• flowers
• when
• fade
• earth
• do
• perish
• blossom

Page 68

• rain

Page 69

• day
• wild-flowers
• but

Page 70(A)

• bow
• above
• us

Page 71

• lilies
• prairie
• can
• love
• dear

Page 75

• owl
• hooting
• asleep
• cried
• terror
• laughing

Page 76

• THE OWLET AND OWLET
• live
• have
• talking
• each
• other
• native
• language
• scolding

Page 77

• laughed
• afraid

Page 81

• THE BIRDS
• walked
• birds
• flying
• as
• flew
• fly

Page 82

• HIAWATHA AND THE BIRDS
• watched
• learned
• then
• talked
• secrets
• nests
• where
• built

Page 83

• THE NESTS
• names
• every
• whenever
• met
• twigs
• hid

Page 84

• THE BIRD SONGS
• came

Page 85

• THE MORNING
• morning
• awoke

Page 86

• HIAWATHA'S CHICKENS
• chickens
• themselves
• knew

Page 89

• THE BEAVER
• beaver

hol.1898.2011.178.jpg

• lodges
• river
• dam
• work

Page 90

• THE SQUIRREL
• squirrel
• down
• Adjidaumo
• leaves

Page 91

• ADJIDAUMO AND THE ACORNS
• did
• hollow
• acorns
• why
• so

Page 92

• THE RABBIT
• rabbit
• timid

Page 93

• THE REINDEER
• swiftly
• antlers

Page 94

• HIAWATHA'S BROTHERS
• beasts
• friends
• brothers
• went
• we
• glad

Page 97

• IAGOO
• Iagoo
• marvellous
• traveller
• story-teller
• talker
• boaster

Page 98

• THE MAKING OF THE BOW
• hunter
• make
• for
• branch
• ash
• together
• cord
• deer-skin
• gave
• fastened

Page 99

• THE MAKING OF THE ARROWS
• must
• arrows
• found
• oak-tree
• be
• winged
• feathers
• tipped
• flint
• quiver

Page 100

• IAGOO, NOKOMIS AND HIAWATHA
• go
• kill
• famous
• roebuck
• deer
• making

Page 101

• WHAT IAGOO SAID TO HIAWATHA
• son
• red
• herd

Page 103

• IN THE FOREST
• forth
• alone
• proudly
• straightway
• among
• branches

Page 104

• WHAT THE BIRDS SANG
• over
• shoot
• bluebird
• am
• Owaissa
• robin
• bough
• Opechee

Page 105

• WHAT THE SQUIRREL SAID
• sprang
• close(adv.)
• beside
• out
• chattered
• coughed
• between

Page 106

• WHAT THE RABBIT SAID
• leaped
• aside
• distance
• erect
• haunches
• half
• fear
• frolie

hol.1898.2011.179.jpg

Page 109

• HIAWATHA'S HUNTING
• heeded
• nor
• thoughts
• tracks
• leading
• downward

Page 110

• ford
• alder-bushes
• hidden
• waited
• till
• coming
• trembled
• wind
• birch-leaf
• palpitated
• heart
• within

Page 112(A)

• two
• lifted
• thicket
• look
• nostrils
• point
• windward
• still
• ah
• flecked
• leafy

Page 112(B)

• fluttered
• like

Page 115

• THE SHOOTING OF THE DEER
• knee
• uprising
• aimed
• no
• moved
• motion
• scarce
• stirred
• rustled

Page 116

• wary
• started
• if
• listened
• uplifted
• find
• stamped
• hoofs
• looked

Page 117

• fatal
• buzzed
• stung
• wasp
• longer

Page 118

• dead
• killed

Page 121

• THE HOME-COMING AND THE FEAST
• throbbed
• exulted
• bore
• homeward

Page 122

• ugh
• come
• our

Page 123

• hailed
• applauses
• praised
• cloak
• hide
• flesh
• banquet
• feast
• honor
• village
• women
• guests

Page 124

• feasted
• Strong-Heart
• Soan-ge-taha
• Loon-Heart
• Mahn-go-taysee

VOCABULARY OF THE APPENDIX.

Page 127

• MUDJEKEEWIS
• Mudjekeewis
• mountains
• magic
• girdle
• wampum
• softly
• drew
• ears
• war-cry
• struck
• coward
• shall
• ruler
• Kabeyun

hol.1898.2011.180.jpg

• West-Wind

Page 128

• WABUN
• three
• Wabun
• young
• East-Wind
• lonely
• sad
• maiden
• standing
• blue
• walk
• help

Page 129

• SHAWONDASEE
• Shawondasee
• fat
• lazy
• gentle
• South-Wind
• blew
• sorrow
• green
• sunshine
• snow
• dandelion

Page 131

• KABIBONOKKA
• Kabibonokka
• cold
• cruel
• North-Wind
• loud
• frost
• Shingebis
• diver
• smoke-flue
• fire
• drove
• wrestle
• wrestled
• long
• back

Page 132

• MONDAMIN
• fasted
• wished
• food
• youth
• yellow
• Mondamin
• against
• sunset
• watch
• higher
• corn

Page 134

• HIAWATHA'S FRIENDS
• Kwasind
• Chibiabos
• strong
• father
• singer
• teach
• cleared
• rocks
• run
• flutes
• reeds
• because

Page 136

• HIAWATHA'S CANOE
• canoe
• float
• water-lily
• birch-tree
• give
• bark
• O
• need
• cedar
• bent
• larch-tree
• roots
• fasten
• tough
• resin
• seams
• keep
• hedgehog
• quills
• colored
• floated

Page 138

• THE HUNTING
• here
• now
• Wabasso
• call
• heed
• wait

CRAIGIE HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE
November 12,1897.Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Dear Sirs: The pronunciation used by my father was "He-awa-tha," the accent on
the first syllable being slighter that no the "wa," the "a" sounded like "a" in
"mar," not "war," as sometimes used.
I should be glad to have this impressed on the public.
Yours sincerely, ALICE M. LONGFELLOW.